Yogi-Nomad: Yoga Nepal, Teacher Training Courses And Retreats In India

Yoga is an ancient spiritual concept that originated in the East, namely India and Nepal. Yoga is a reference to traditional physical and mental practices that have been used for thousands of years in India and the East and is now benefitting the lives of yoga practitioners throughout the world. Despite its philosophical look it has a physical basis that equals the spiritual. Yoga is a series of practices, action, method and technique that calms the mind and channels energy in positive directions.

It is still not established as to precisely how long Yoga has been with us, but Yoga experts have so far concluded that the history of Yoga spans between 4000 to 8000 years ago to the present day. The earliest yoga findings have been found at the Indus Valley civilization's sites, and these were active around the Indus Valley region in India circa 1700 3300 BC. Of course, there will always be new discoveries and Yoga findings and no one as yet could give a definite timeline for this ancient tradition.

Several seals were discovered at the Indus Valley civilization sites in North West India that showed people in meditative yoga like postures. Many experts agree that these seals were depicting a precursor of modern day yoga. One of the most well known and famous seals discovered in India was discovered by Sir John Marshall and is called the Pashupati seal. It depicts a three faced figure seated on a throne in a version of the Hatha yoga, a cross legged yoga posture. Both heels of the yogi sit directly under the scrotum and the yogi's penis is erect, with the testicles clearly visible. The position of the heels is an advanced Tantric yoga known as Bhanda. This yoga method has been traditionally used redirect sexual energy and can give the practitioner spiritual powers. The figure on this seal is thought to be Shiva. On the right hand side of this figure a large tiger rears upwards facing him and some suggest it represents the yogi people and the Himalayan region, whereas a depiction of elephant on the Shiva seal represents Eastern India, the buffalo represents Southern India and the rhinoceros represents the regions to the west of in the Indus River.

Whatever the exact starting date of yoga is, one thing is very clear, India has had a long history with the practice of yoga and still today it is considered the primary place in the world to study and practice yoga. Many yoga practitioners wishing to take their yoga studies further often go to India for teacher training courses at the numerous workshops there. There are many teacher training courses in India that take place in workshops at ashrams and yoga retreats in India throughout the year. And the number of yoga teacher training centres in India is growing yearly as the world grows smaller and more people are heading to India the spiritual heart land of Yoga, and learning how to pass on the yoga light itself, by teaching others this ancient practice from India.

Yoga practitioners who travel to India to practice yoga often beeline for the holy city of Varanasi and join one of the many yoga ashrams or yoga retreats that have established themselves there. For many westerners the ultimate yoga experience is to become part of an ashram in Varanasi, experiencing Indian culture first hand and practicing yoga to their heart's content under the skillful guidance of experienced yoga teachers in a workshop.

Varanasi is one of the world's oldest living cities where time and has stood still in many ways. For several thousand years and still today Varanasi is one of the most religious areas of Northern India for Hindus and many will go there to be buried in the holy River Ganges that flows through the city. Varanasi has been a centre of Indian philosophy, yoga, mysticism and Ayurveda for so long that many hard core yoga practitioners feel it's almost a necessity to practice yoga in a Varanasi ashram to achieve a high level of yoga ability. Teacher training courses (TTC) and workshops are also available in many of the Varanasi ashrams and retreats and there is a constant stream of westerners travelling to India and in particular Varanasi to take their yoga practice one stage further and become a teacher of yoga at a teacher training centre. At Varanasi there is a great traditional of teaching yoga, learning yoga and practicing yoga and this tradition still carries on today in ash rams all over the city.

Yoga teacher training courses (TTC) in Varanasi and all over India are usually completed at ashrams or yoga retreats. An ashram is a place where students of Indian philosophies can go to study with experienced teachers and with as little as possible disturbance from the outside world. Ashrams in Varanasi are also called yoga retreats and a yoga class is called a yoga workshop.

Everyone is welcomed at ashrams in India, from beginner yoga practitioners to more experienced people that are taking teaching training courses in yoga workshops, hoping to one day become a yoga teacher themselves. Teacher training courses (TTC) include being taught how to understand, correct, assist, encourage and guide students in yoga. As well as this, the teacher training courses teach people practical teaching methods for yoga workshops, such as making yoga lesson plans and teaching educational techniques to explain the principles of yoga.

The widespread use of yoga throughout the western world is largely due to its health benefits, and many westerners with chronic health problems are now practicing yoga as a resort to tackle these issues. Many people are now aware of the physical benefits of practicing yoga which include improved flexibility, greater strength, better concentration and improved posture.

The Sanskrit word yoga has many meanings and is actually derived from the Sanskrit verbal root yuj' which means to "yoke" or "join" with the supreme spirit. A fair translation would be that yoga helps a person to absorb and reach a state of union with a divine spirit using the spiritual and physical practices of yoga. Yoga is a scientific practice that teaches people the method of uniting the individual soul with the Supreme soul.

For more information on yoga ashrams and retreats in Varanasi and India please visit http://www.yogi-nomad.org and http://www.yogi-nomad.org/yoga_retreats_india.html

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Get the Most Out of your Marathon Training Program

A good marathon training program is what will be the difference in you completing your first marathon successfully or not. It is important to try and get everything you can out of your marathon training program so that you are fully prepared for your first marathon.

You want to be mentally prepared for your marathon training program. You should look at it as an exciting time of your day where you will be working hard to achieve your goal. To help keep motivated you should look forward to your training sessions and head into them with enthusiasm and a positive frame of mind.

It is important to remember that your marathon training program is the most important thing that is going to get you to the starting line and more importantly it is what is going to get you passed the finishing line. So it is important that you treat your marathon training program seriously and with respect. Training for a marathon isnt something you can do whenever you feel like it. That is the whole point of having a marathon training program because it is designed to get you into the right physical shape to complete your first marathon.
If you skip sessions you will be training unevenly, as each session is different you are going to fall behind in a particular area and that is something you cant afford to happen when you are training for your first marathon. Stick to your marathon training program and dont make compromises. Some people say its hard to fit it in when they have so many other things going on in their day. That is very understandable, which is why you start organising your daily routine before you start your marathon training program so that you have prepared ahead of time. You should sit down and work out exactly what time of day you will be able to complete your marathon training program and make sure it doesnt conflict with anything else. That way nothing will come up unexpectedly and you wont be tempted to put your training off until another time.

To get the most out of your marathon training program physically you want to prepare for each session. It is important to get a good nights sleep every night because you will need to give your body a chance to recover and the best way the body can recover is when you are sleeping. Also you dont want to be slow and sluggish before your training sessions because you wont perform to your full potential which will hamper your overall marathon training program and waste time. So it is important to make sure you are well rested and your body is fresh and ready to go.

Another important thing to remember about your marathon training program is that you have to stretch and warm up correctly before you start training. Too often people go out there and start training without warming up correctly and end up injuring themselves and their marathon training program is put on the shelf. It is easy to skip the warm up and get straight into it but you must take the time out to warm up and stretch properly because not only will help you get more out of your marathon training program but it will help prevent injury.

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Stress Management Tips. Great ideas to manage stress

Getting stressed is a normal reaction if you have too many things you next at the same time. But more and more tattered isn crack under pressure? to handle the T way. You need to tighten some stress management tips in the face of the pressure and keep themselves from degradation.

One of the biggest causes of stress at work. take care of themselves about the security of jobs, which leads to the significant workload and will commute daily by your work with it much pressure.

Studies have shown that stress can cause serious negative effects on your health and well-being. Heart problems are just one of the physical manifestations of stress you feel. If you bring your stress at home as well, it can also seriously impact on your personal relationships.

Before your life reaches this point by stress, you need to take action to give them from happening. Instead of always resorting to dealing with negative stress, there are other ways for you to ap proach stress in a healthier way. Here are a few tips to stress management will help to overcome stress.
Stress Management Tip # 1: Give yourself a break. Yes, that? Law. To be able to better cope with stress, you need to step away from what you do? Re doing and you will get all energy. Work under pressure and end, while your duties? Repeatedly emphasized, only down and wear you could have an impact on your performance. Move away from a stressful situation, even for a brief moment to breathe easier and will help give you a new perspective.

Stress Management Tip 2: Have the whole day. It doesn? T have to do something complicated and lengthy. You can enjoy it, reassuring from a hot cup of herbal tea, especially with regard to ease with soothing properties, or buy yourself a little massage your pain.

Stress Management Tip # 3: Are there. If you? Re juggling too many things at once, you tend to forget how to plan your work properly. Create a list of everything you need to do, and arrange them in order of urgency, and when they are required. This will he lp you stay focused on the things that should be done immediately instead turn your attention to those who aren t as urgent.

Stress Management Tip # 4: Say? No? to take on more responsibility. You already have too much on your plate and not much time to work on them, that is the reason why you? Torn and stressed again and again. You don? T need to take more responsibility. But don? T worry that won? T make you look irresponsible and not in the position. If you tell a hard time? No? Additional work, just think of all the work, you need to do, and the time you don? T have to get more work.

Stress Management Tip # 5: Get help. You may want to help talk to a friend or a loved one vent your frustrations, or perhaps even from what you distracted? With your causes stress. Confirm that you? Again, not in a position to do anything don, and? T hesitate to get help around the office.

These stress management tips don? T sound too hard, right? When you first stress under control? Ll be able to work more efficiently and then go to enjoy a happy and fulfilling life.

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Train Yourself on Stress Management to Handle Your Life Better

Life can be very stressful these days due to a variety of reasons. Humanity is progressing faster and faster and the increasing pace of technological progress can put a lot of demand on our lives. Our ever increasing connectedness and always-on always-available status can also become an annoyance as well as a blessing. Hence, awareness of stress, its causes and how to handle it is critical for anyone willing to improve and become better at what they do. This article explores various types of stress and what symptoms to look for to know if you are getting stressed.

Types of Stress

Stress can be categorised to the following two types:

Internal Stress. These are mainly psychological problems such as worrying about something, inability to do something promised, lack of confidence and so on.

External Stress. These stresses are mainly produced by physical conditions and the environment a person lives in such as a noisy environment, cold weather, abusive relationships, bullying, being intimidated and so on.

Amount of Stress

Another way to categorise stress is based on the dimension of time. There are generally two types:

Acute Stress. These are basically short term behaviour in response to an immediate threat that needs to be addressed. As long as the threat is active, you will feel stressed. Your heart rate goes up, there is adrenaline rush, you feel much more aware of your soundings and are sensitive to additional stress. When the threat is reduced, you will return to normal behaviour and your body's function gets restored as well. You heart rate gradually drops to normal and you will breath normally too. Effectively this is a fight-or-flight reaction. Examples that can lead to such stress are overcrowding, loud noise, violent threat, aggressive bullying and so on.

Chronic Stress. These stresses are continuous and usually persist unless addressed. For example, stress due to work pressure and meeting deadlines, isolation, academic worries, giving presentations and public performances, financial worries and so on.

Symptoms

It is useful to be aware of the signs of stress. A lot of times people who are stressed, especially the chronic stress, don't really know how damaging the stress can be over time and knowing that they are indeed stressed can be a first step in moving forward to handle them.

There are basically 4 types of symptoms to look for:

Physical symptoms. The easiest and most familiar symptoms of stress are physical. Examples are increased heart rate, sweating, dry mouth, nausea. Prolonged physical stress can lead to long term physical problems such as backache, migraine, high blood pressure, ulcers, loss of hair, weakened immune system and so on.

Behavioural symptoms. Another class of symptoms that are easy to spot are behavioural in nature. Examples are: increased alcohol consumptions, pacing around a limited area, nail biting, lip chewing, increased smoking, severe daydreaming, eating too much, eating too little and so on.

Emotional symptoms. It may not always be obvious that these emotional symptoms are due to stress so it is important to keep an eye on them. Examples are: depression, crying, hopelessness, shouting, anger, high sensitivity, irritability, impatience, anxiety and so on.

Cognitive symptoms. These are the by-products of being stressed. Examples are inability to concentrate well, overreacting to small events, difficulty in making decisions, forgetting, rushing into decisions, paranoia and so on.

Handling Stress

Stress can be handled in many ways though most solutions go through the following three main stages.

1. Recognise and accept that you are under stress. The first step to accept the problem. If you think you have a problem, you are unlikely to do anything about it. Recognise the signs of stress. Look for symptoms and ask yourself why you should suffer from these symptoms. Are you always tired? Are you feeling that life is becoming repetitive? Are you suffering from lack of sleep?

2. Search for causes. Once you know you are getting stressed, search for the causes of stress. Look at your daily life. When are you most stressed? Look for what you do just immediately beforehand. As you saw earlier, chronic stress may be the result of prolonged stress. So you may have to study yourself more to see what leads to your stress. When you are generally stressed, even small things can prove to be a chore. It is easy to point at them as the cause of stress, though this can be a mistake. Maybe you have been simply sensitive about it and the root cause of your stress is something else, something more fundamental than the little event. Search and examine your life to find out.

3. Deal with the issue. The last step is to accept the problem and devise a strategy to deal with it. Draw up actions and commit yourself to them. Set reminders to check yourself periodically to make sure you are following up with your actions.

As you can see, dealing with stress can be systematic and methodical and all it takes to reduce your stress is to commit yourself to deal with it.

One way to get trained on stress management is to attend stress management training courses. Alternatively, if you have overstressed staff and want to reduce their stress levels, you can use stress management training materials and setup a course on stress management to teach them how to handle their stress more effectively. For details on training resources see below.

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Making A Running Training Journal For Beginners, Does It Really Help?

If you are a beginner runner and just about to begin your running training program, the most effective way to evaluate your exercises is by making a running training journal. This will absolutely help you to keep all tracks and histories of what you have been practicing.
Making a running training journal for beginners is quite easy and simple to do. A running training journal for beginners is very useful and a good way to measure and as well as maintain your training session. It will take into account all the details of your running training program, such as your previous exercises and the current exercises. This journal helps you to always remember where you have started at the beginning. You will also notice some improvements through this running training journal and you could also find out all weaknesses.

By taking all notes of your running training program, such mistakes will teach you how to move on to the next higher level. Creating your own running training journal as a beginner does not need to be very complicated, you may just create a simple and easy to follow journal by yourself. The journal can contain information such as the distance you have traveled, the duration time that you have accomplished running in certain running training schedule during the training program.

In addition to your running training journal, you could also give some detailed stories about your running training. By writing notes of your running routes, the exact time you spent from the starting until the finish point, what you did find through the exercise and all these stories and itineraries are helpful to give a personal touch to your running training program especially for beginners.

Keeping a personal journal of all the time during your running training is truly a reasonable thing you can do on your own. If you have some thoughts and ideas to improve your running skills, you may also add those points to your journal. By doing this, you could easily memorize and identify some factors which will greatly help you to always improve your running performance. Your daily running training journal should be different from day to day; there will be many things you can note during your running exercises. Try to make the journal as simple as possible and you can easily understand.

After several running training sessions, you may go through the journal to compare previous and present condition in order to improve yourself. By comparing, you will know how well you did at certain points and how poor you performed in some running skills. Let say if once you did not do the warming up before the running training and in another day you did, you will see the contrast fact between this simple examples. That is why a running training journal for beginners is really powerful to help you improving faster. Besides that, you must also note your running speed in the journal from various distances you ran. This will highlight the details of your running skills.

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Norway Renewable Power Market Analysis and Forecasts to 2015

GlobalData's Norway Renewable Energy Market Analysis and Forecasts to 2015 report provides detailed analysis and forecasts of the Norway Renewable Energy industry. Sub-chapters in the report analyses each renewable technology in detail. These Sub-chapters covers, historical and forecast statistics relating to the installed capacities, market structure and regulatory policies, key drivers, restraints that govern the growth of each of the renewable energy technology in Norway. The report also analyzes the key players and their strategies in the Norway renewable energy market. The report also provides trends and analysis of investments in the Norway renewable energy market as well as deal summary and news flow for the last six months.

Scope
Technology wise Renewable Energy Market Analysis in Norway
Key drivers and challenges of each Renewable Energy Technology in Norway
Key technological and research and development trends
Predict and forec ast future renewable energy industry trends and market size by technology
Identify growth segments and opportunities in each of the Norway renewable energy technology market
Market overview, development and forecasts of the key renewable energy technologies in Norway
The policies and regulatory framework for each of the key technologies in the Norway renewable energy sector

Reasons to buy
Gain the most up to date and in-depth information on the Norway Renewable Energy market
Analyze all the Renewable Energy Technologies in Norway
Identify the key growth technologies and opportunities within each Renewable Energy Technology market
Facilitate decision-making based on strong historic and forecast data
Develop strategies based on the latest operational and regulatory events
Do deals with an understanding of how competitors are financed, and the mergers and partnerships that have shaped the Norway renewable ene rgy market
Identify and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the leading Norway renewable energy companies
Identify key partners and business development opportunities
Understand and respond to your competitors' business structure, strategy and prospects

1 Table of contents 2
1.1 List of Tables 5
1.2 List of Figures 6

2 Research Scope and Definition 7

3 Introduction to Renewable Energy 8
3.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 8
3.2 Burgeoning Energy Demand 9

4 Norway Renewable Power Market 10
4.1 Norway Power Market, Overview 10
4.2 Norway Renewable Power Market, Overview 10
4.3 Norway Renewable Power Market, Production by Fuel Type, 2009 12
4.4 Norway Renewable Power Market, Growth by Fuel Type, 2001-2009 13

5 Norway Wind Power Market 14
5.1 Norway Wind Power Market, Overview 14
5.2 Norway Wind Power Market, Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Ins talled Capacity, 2001-2015 14
5.3 Norway Wind Power Market, Power Generation, 2001-2015 15
5.4 Norway Wind Power Market, Market Forces Analysis 16
5.4.1 Norway Wind Power Market, Key Drivers 16
5.4.2 Norway Wind Power Market, Key Restraints and Challanges 16
5.5 Norway Wind Power Market, Top Production Facilities 17
5.6 Norway Wind Power Market, Top Upcoming Wind Farms 18
5.7 Norway Wind Power Market, Top Active Offshore Wind Farms 18
5.8 Norway Wind Power Market, Top 15 Upcoming Offshore Wind Farms 19

6 Norway Solar PV Power Market 20
6.1 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Overview 20
6.2 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Installed Capacity, 2001-2015 20
6.3 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Power Generation, 2001-2015 21
6.4 Norway Solar PV Market, Share of Ongrid - Offgrid Development, 2001-09 22
6.5 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Market Forces Analysis 23
6.5. 1 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Key Driver 23
6.5.2 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Key Restraints and Challenge 23
6.6 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Solar Parks 23
6.6.1 Norway Solar PV Power Market, Active Solar PV Parks 23

7 Norway Biopower Market 24
7.1 Norway Biopower Market, Overview 24
7.2 Norway Biopower Market, Historical Annual and Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2001-2015 24
7.3 Norway Biopower Market, Power Generation, 2001-2015 25
7.3.1 Norway Biopower Market, Key Issues and Challenges 26
7.4 Norway Biopower Market, Top Production Facilities 26

8 Norway, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 27
8.1 Norway Renewable Energy, Major Policies and Incentives 27
8.1.1 Renewable Directive 27 8.1.2 New Regulation on the Original Warranty for the Production of Electrical Energy, 2007 27
8.1.3 Enova SF Fund 28
8.1.4 The Basic Fund 28
8.1.5 Energi21 R&D Strategy for the Energy Sector 28
8.1.6 White Paper on National Climate Policy, 2007 29
8.1.7 Norway-Sweden Green Certificate Scheme 29
8.1.8 Clean Energy for the Future (RENERGI) Program 29
8.1.9 Enova Support Program for Housing, Building and Construction 30
8.1.10 Contribution of households Grants 30
8.1.11 Legislation on Offshore Renewable Energy Production 31
8.1.12 The EU 7th Framework Program for Research 31
8.1.13 Norway, Development of Hydrogen for Transport Sector 31

9 Norway Solar Power, Major Policies and Incentives 33

10 Norway Wind, Major Policies and Incentives 34
10.1 Enova's Wind Power Program 34
10.2 Support Scheme for Electricity from Wind Power 34

11 Norway Bioenergy, Major Policies and Incentive s 35
11.1 Bioenergy strategy 35
11.2 Support Scheme for Electricity from Bioenergy 35

12 Enercon GmbH ,Company Snapshot 36
12.1 Key Information 36
12.2 Company Overview 36
12.3 Business Description 36
12.3.1 Business Overview 36
12.4 Major Products and Services 37
12.5 History 37
12.6 SWOT Analysis 38
12.6.1 Overview 38
12.6.2 Enercon GmbH Strengths 38
12.6.3 Enercon GmbH Weaknesses 39
12.6.4 Enercon GmbH Opportunities 39
12.6.5 Enercon GmbH Threats 40
12.7 Competitors 41
12.8 Key Employees 42
12.9 Locations and Subsidiaries 42
12.9.1 Head Office 42
12.9.2 Other Locations & Subsidiaries 42

13 Ostfold Energi AS ,Company Snapshot 44
13.1 Key Information 44
13.2 Company Overview 44
13.3 Business Description 44
13.3.1 Business Overview 44
13.4 Major Products and Services 45
13.5 History 45
13.6 SWOT Analysis 46
13.6.1 Ov erview 46
13.6.2 Ostfold Energi AS Strengths 46
13.6.3 Ostfold Energi AS Weaknesses 47
13.6.4 Ostfold Energi AS Opportunities 47
13.6.5 Ostfold Energi AS Threats 48
13.7 Competitors 48
13.8 Key Employees 49
13.9 Company Statement 49
13.10 Locations and Subsidiaries 52
13.10.1 Head Office 52

14 Renewable Energy Corporation ASA, Company Snapshot 53
14.1 Key Information 53
14.2 Company Overview 53
14.3 Business Description 53
14.3.1 Business Overview 53
14.3.2 Other 53
14.3.3 REC Silicon 54
14.3.4 REC Solar 54
14.3.5 REC Wafer 55
14.4 Major Products and Services 55
14.5 History 56
14.6 SWOT Analysis 57
14.6.1 Overview 57
14.6.2 Renewable Energy Corporation ASA Strengths 58
14.6.3 Renewable Energy Corporation ASA Weaknesses 58
14.6.4 Renewable Energy Corporation ASA Opportunities 59
14.6.5 Renewable Energy Corporation ASA Threats 59
14.7 Co mpetitors 60
14.8 Key Employees 61
14.9 Key Employee Biographies 61
14.10 Company Statement 63
14.11 Locations and Subsidiaries 64
14.11.1 Head Office 64
14.11.2 Other Locations & Subsidiaries 65

15 Siemens AG, Company Snapshot 66
15.1 Key Information 66
15.2 Company Overview 66
15.3 SWOT Snapshot 66
15.4 Business Description 66
15.4.1 Business Overview 66
15.4.2 Energy 67
15.4.3 Equity Investments 68
15.4.4 Healthcare 68
15.4.5 Industry 69
15.4.6 Siemens Financial Services (SFS) 71
15.4.7 Siemens IT Solutions and Services (SIS) 71
15.5 Major Products and Services 72
15.5.1 Overview 72
15.6 History 75
15.7 Company Statement 78
15.8 SWOT Analysis 81
15.8.2 Siemens AG Strengths 82
15.8.3 Siemens AG Weaknesses 83
15.8.4 Siemens AG Opportunities 84
15.8.5 Siemens AG Threats 85
15.9 Competitors 86
15.10 Key Employees 87
15 .11 Key Employee Biographies 87
15.12 Company Statement 88
15.13 Locations and Subsidiaries 91
15.13.1 Head Office 91
15.13.2 Other Locations & Subsidiaries 92

16 Statkraft AS ,Company Snapshot 94
16.1 Key Information 94
16.2 Company Overview 94
16.3 Business Description 94
16.3.1 Business Overview 94
16.3.2 Customers 94
16.3.3 Emerging Markets 95
16.3.4 Generation and Markets 95
16.3.5 Industrial Ownership 96
16.3.6 Other 97
16.3.7 Skagerak Energi 97
16.3.8 Wind Power 98
16.4 Major Products and Services 99
16.5 History 99
16.6 SWOT Analysis 101
16.6.1 Overview 101
16.6.2 Statkraft AS Strengths 102
16.6.3 Statkraft AS Weaknesses 103
16.6.4 Statkraft AS Opportunities 103
16.6.5 Statkraft AS Threats 104
16.7 Competitors 104
16.8 Key Employees 105
16.9 Key Employee Biographies 106
16.10 Company Statement 106
16.11 Locations a nd Subsidiaries 107
16.11.1 Head Office 107
16.11.2 Other Locations & Subsidiaries 108

17 Appendix 109
17.1 About Alternative Energy eTrack 109
17.2 Methodology 109
17.2.1 Coverage 110
17.2.2 Secondary Research 110
17.2.3 Primary Research 110
17.2.4 Expert Panel Validation 111
17.3 Contact Us 111
17.4 Disclaimer 111

1.1 List of Tables
Table 1: Global CO2 Emissions, Million Metric Tons, 2001-2008 8
Table 2: The Global Projected Energy Consumption, Mtoe, 2001-2030 9
Table 3: Norway Power Market, Split by Fuel Type, Percentage, 2009 10
Table 4: Norway Renewable Power Market, Historical Cumulative Installed Capacity (Including Hydro), MW, 2001-2009 11
Table 5: Norway Renewable Power Market, Installed Capacity Split by Fuel Type, Percentage, 2009 12
Table 6: Norway Renewable Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity by Fuel Type, MW, 2001-2009 13
Table 7: Norway Wind M arket, Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Installed Capacity, MW, 2001-2015 15
Table 8: Norway Wind Power Market, Historical and Forecast Power Generation, GWh, 2001-2015 16
Table 9: Norway Wind Power Market, Top 15 Active Wind Farms, 2009 17
Table 10: Norway Wind Power Market, Top 15 Upcoming Wind Farms, 2009 18
Table 11: Norway Wind Power Market, Top Active Offshore Wind Farms, 2009 18
Table 12: Norway Wind Power Market, Top 15 Upcoming Offshore Wind Farms, 2009 19
Table 13: Norway Solar PV Power Market, Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Installed Capacity, MW, 2001-2015 21
Table 14: Norway Solar PV Power Market, Historical and Forecast Power Generation, GWh, 2001-2015 22
Table 15: Norway Solar PV Power Market, Historical Cumulative Installed Capacity Split by Grid Connectivity, MW, 2001-2009 23
Table 16: Norway Solar PV Power Market, Active Solar Parks, 2009 23
Table 17: Norway Biopower Market, Bioma ss Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Installed Capacity, MW, 2001-2015 25
Table 18: Norway Biopower Market, Biomass Historical and Forecast Power Generation, GWh, 2001-2015 26
Table 19: Norway Biopower Market, Active Biomass Power Plants, 2009 26
Table 20: Enercon GmbH, Key Facts 36
Table 21: Enercon GmbH, SWOT Analysis 38
Table 22: Enercon GmbH, Key Employees 42
Table 23: Enercon GmbH, Other Locations 42
Table 24: Enercon GmbH, Subsidiaries 43
Table 25: Ostfold Energi AS, Key Facts 44
Table 26: Ostfold Energi AS, SWOT Analysis 46
Table 27: Ostfold Energi AS, Key Employees 49
Table 28: Renewable Energy Corporation ASA, Key Facts 53
Table 29: Renewable Energy Corporation ASA, SWOT Analysis 57
Table 30: Renewable Energy Corporation ASA, Key Employees 61
Table 31: Renewable Energy Corporation ASA, Subsidiaries 65
Table 32: Siemens AG, Key Facts 66
Table 33: Siemens AG, SWOT Analysis 81Table 34: Siemens AG, Key Employees 87
Table 35: Siemens AG, Subsidiaries 92
Table 36: Statkraft AS, Key Facts 94
Table 37: Statkraft AS, SWOT Analysis 102
Table 38: Statkraft AS, Key Employees 105
Table 39: Statkraft AS, Other Locations 108
Table 40: Statkraft AS, Subsidiaries 108

1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1: Global CO2 Emissions, Million Metric Tons, 2001-2008 8
Figure 2: Global Projected Energy Consumption, Mtoe, 2001-2030 9
Figure 3: Norway Power Market, Split by Fuel Type, Percentage, 2009 10
Figure 4: Norway Renewable Power Market, Historical Cumulative Installed Capacity (Including Hydro), MW, 2001-2009 11
Figure 5: Norway Renewable Power Market, Installed Capacity Split by Fuel Type, Percentage, 2009 12
Figure 6: Norway Wind Market, Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Installed Capacity, MW, 2001-2015 14
Figure 7: Norway Wind Power Market, Historical and Forecast Power Generati on, GWh, 2001-2015 15
Figure 8: Norway Solar PV Power Market, Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Installed Capacity, MW, 2001-2015 20
Figure 9: Norway Solar PV Power Market, Historical and Forecast Power Generation, GWh, 2001-2015 21
Figure 10: Norway Solar PV Power Market, Historical Cumulative Installed Capacity Split by Grid Connectivity, MW, 2001-2009 22
Figure 11: Norway Biopower Market, Biomass Historical and Forecast Cumulative and Annual Installed Capacity, MW, 2001-2015 24
Figure 12: Norway Biopower Market, Biomass Historical and Forecast Power Generation, GWh, 2001-2015 25
Figure 13: GlobalData Methodology 109

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Factors influencing weight loss & how to maximize weight loss

The number one goal of 90% of my clients has been weight loss. Some people are obese and need to lose a substantial amount of weight for health reasons and other people with a healthy BMI just want to get rid of a few pounds to look and feel better (we all want six pack abs). Weight loss depends on how much energy is used to do work (i.e., to move, digest food, think etc.,) relative to how much energy is consumed and stored (caloric intake). Energy is constant so if the energy output (work done) is greater than the energy input (calories consumed) there will be a negative energy balance which forces the body to tap into fat to make up for that deficit. The energy output consists of a person's resting or basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the total number of calories a person uses while at rest, and a person's active metabolic rate (AMR), which is the total number of calories a person uses if they incorporate movement. If you want to lose fat then you have to create a dai ly negative caloric balance by limiting your caloric intake or increasing your BMR and AMR or a combination of both.

There are several factors that influence the BMR, AMR and the rate of weight loss. The BMR is influenced by body composition, age, gender, level of stress, body type (or somatotype), hormones and food intake. The AMR is influenced by the activity level. A negative energy balance is created by controlling the caloric intake. All of these need to be carefully balanced in order to achieve your weight loss goal without compromising your health or losing muscle.

The higher the percentage of body fat the quicker the rate of weight loss. I've trained obese people around 40% body fat who could shed up to 3lbs a week by following a rigorous program. However if you are around 15% body fat then the rate of weight loss is exponentially lower. At you'll be extremely lucky to lose 1 pound per week (the typical amount is 0.5lbs/week). Having a higher percentage of muscle also contributes to quicker fat loss but not as much as many people claim. The common misconception is that muscle is 20x more metabolically active than fat and therefore having more muscle raises your BMR accordingly. Recent studies found that 1 pound of muscle burns about 6 calories per day, not 50 calories as is popularly believed. This is still higher than fatty tissue which burns 2 calories per pound per day.

A person's age and gender also influence the rate of weight loss. As you get older your metabolism slows down because your body tends to lose muscle and gain fat which slows down your ability to burn calories. However this can be attenuated by doing regular cardio, strength training and keeping a healthy diet. There is a slight difference between men and women because men have more testosterone which helps to build muscle and so men will have a higher BMR than women on average because they have more muscle.

The level of mental and physical stress affects the rate of fat loss. Cortisol is a hormone released when the body is under stress such as in a fight or flight situation. It serves a biological function of freeing up energy by breaking down fat and muscle tissue during a stressful event so that the body can use it to fight or flee. However, in today's society we do not use that energy to fight or flee and so it gets deposited back into fat around the abdominal region. Prolonged stress can increase the resting level of cortisol making it very hard to burn fat in the abdominal region.

Humans come in three different body types or somatotypes that are genetically determined: ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph. These body types represent a continuum of body composition and the ability to gain or lose weight (either muscle or fat). Ectomorphs have the least total body mass (made up of fat, muscle and bone). Ectomorphs tend to be tall and skinny and have difficulty gaining weight because they have a fast metabolism. Weight loss for ectomorphs is not an issue but muscle gain is. Mesomorphs have an average total body mass and can change their body composition very easily. Mesomorphs have an intermediate metabolic rate. Endomorphs have the greatest total body mass and tend to put on weight very easily. Endomorphs have the greatest difficulty in burning fat because they have the slowest metabolism.

The BMR is influenced by the levels of thyroid hormones and the catecholamines epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. Thyroid hormones are thermogenic raising body temperature and BMR. People with hypothyroidism (low level of thyroid hormones) have a very slow metabolism, tend to put on fat very easily and have difficulty losing fat. People with hyperthyroidism (high level of thyroid hormones) have a very fast metabolism, tend to be skinny and have difficulties putting on weight. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for arousal and utilizing energy to be used in times of stress or arousal. The primary hormones that activate the sympathetic nervous system are epinephrine (adrenaline) and nor-epinephrine. Both of these hormones will increase heart rate and force of contraction, increase blood flow to muscles, suppress hunger, and utilize the body to break down fat and glycogen to produce glucose. Most weight loss pills are stimulants that increase the activity of the symp athetic nervous system. Caffeine is often used in over the counter weight loss pills in conjunction with other stimulants because it increases cardiac output, helps the body to utilize fat as a fuel source by increasing epinephrine levels, and suppresses hunger.

Food intake has the greatest effect on basal metabolic rate. The body has to expand energy when digesting and processing food. This is called the thermic effect of food or diet induced thermogensis. The quantity and type of food ingested influences how much energy is required to process the food. Research indicates that proteins are harder to process than fats and so have a much higher thermic effect. Therefore increasing the quantity of protein in your diet will raise your BMR. Foods that are high in fiber such as celery and grapefruit are the hardest to process and have the highest thermic effect. These foods also have what is called a negative caloric balance because they take more energy to digest than the energy they release from digestion.

Increasing the level of physical activity increases the AMR. The more active you are the more calories are needed. The type of activity you engage in as well as the duration and intensity of that activity influences how many extra calories are needed and from what food source these calories come from.

Contrary to popular belief low intensity and long duration cardiovascular activity doesn't burn more fat than shorter duration high intensity cardio. Numerous studies have demonstrated that high intensity interval training (where the heart rate is between 80-90% of its maximum) is more effective for fat loss than low intensity endurance activity because the body has to make up for the oxygen deficit produced during exercise and it burns calories for up to two hours after you stop exercising. This phenomenon is called excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Resistance training is also recommended for fat loss because not only is energy needed during the workout but also after the workout because the body has to repair and build new muscle and this takes energy. Activities with a heavier weight or resistance level and a lower rep number per set are recommended over activities with a light weight and a high rep number per set because lifting heavier weights produces m ore microtrauma in muscles which is a stimulus for repair and synthesis.

Carbohydrate is the primary source of fuel for the body and it is the only fuel source besides ketones that the brain can use. Whereas fats and proteins must be converted into intermediate forms before they can be used as fuel. Before, during and after higher intensity physical activity the body needs carbohydrates otherwise the blood sugar will get too low and a person will crash, feel nauseous and throw up. Carbohydrates and proteins are needed to build muscle after heavy resistance training. Therefore, when incorporating physical activity into a weight loss program the body will need an adequate supply of proteins and carbohydrates. I found that when incorporating higher intensity cardio and resistance training into a fat loss program a person's diet should be roughly % 35 carbohydrates, % 45 proteins, and % 20 fats and the maximum daily caloric deficit should not exceed 750 calories.

In order to burn fat a person must maintain a proper caloric intake. Exercise itself is not enough if there isn't a sufficient daily caloric deficit. Fatty tissue is a medium the body uses to store energy. One pound of fat stores 3500 calories therefore 3500 calories have to be used in order to burn one pound of fat. In order to burn fat a person must eat fewer calories everyday than they eat regularly to maintain their current weight. If a person eats 500 fewer calories per day then they can lose 1 pound of fat in 7 days. This rate of 1 pound per week is widely acknowledged by health and fitness professionals as a safe and healthy rate of weight loss. Starvation diets (anything above a 1000 caloric deficit) are unhealthy because the body burns more muscle than fat (fat is needed as an energy source when food is scarce) and because the body isn't getting the essential amount of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other phytonutrients that keep us healthy.

Now that you have a better idea of the factors involved in metabolism and fat loss you can incorporate some of these into your weight loss program. However a professional weight loss program incorporates many of these factors at the same time and these factors have to be carefully balanced in order to achieve optimum fat loss results without depriving yourself of essential nutrients and losing muscle and strength. I design fat loss programs that are personalized (I take into account your metabolic profile, activity level, and other relevant physical attributes) and comprehensive (I take multiple factors into account attacking fat from every angle).

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